Leveraging blockchain in humanitarian aid: improving transparency and efficiency across supply chains, cash transfers, and digital identity. This chapter builds on the foundations established in Chapter One by critically reviewing the theoretical and empirical literature on blockchain in humanitarian coordination. It is structured around four selected frameworks—OIPT, RV, DOI, and UTAUT—which reflect the structural, relational, innovation, and user dimensions of adoption. The

Utilising Blockchain in Humanitarian Aid: Improving Transparency and Efficiency by Addressing Traditional Aid Challenges with Blockchain Solutions—highlighting optimised supply chains, responsible cash transfers, and secure digital identities. Introduction In humanitarian response, what often fails first is not logistics but trust, coordination, and timely information. The humanitarian community—including UN agencies, NGOs, donors, local responders, and coordination platforms